What type of attack might Ludwig notice that affects the availability of the environment?

A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack focuses specifically on overwhelming a system, service, or network resources to make them unavailable to legitimate users. This is achieved by flooding the target with an excessive amount of traffic from multiple compromised devices, rendering the environment unable to respond to genuine requests. In Ludwig's case, recognizing a DDoS attack is particularly important because it directly impacts the availability of services critical for operations, resulting in downtime and reduced functionality for users.

The other options, while they describe types of attacks, do not primarily target availability. Spoofing is usually focused on impersonation, aimed at gaining unauthorized access or deceit. Exfiltrating stolen data is centered around theft of information, not necessarily affecting systems' availability. An insider sabotaging the power supply could affect availability, but it is a more specific situation and less common as a general attack type compared to DDoS, which is a widespread and well-known concern in cybersecurity.