What is multi-factor authentication (MFA)?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security mechanism that requires users to provide multiple forms of verification before granting access to a resource. This typically involves a combination of something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a security token or smartphone), and something the user is (like a fingerprint or other biometric data). The key aspect of MFA is that by requiring more than one factor, it significantly enhances security, making it much harder for unauthorized users to access sensitive data or systems.

For instance, even if a password is compromised, without the second authentication factor (like a one-time code sent to a mobile device), access will still be denied. This layered approach effectively mitigates the risks associated with relying on a single point of entry, as it adds an additional barrier that attackers must overcome.

In contrast, other options focus on inadequate or singular methods of access control, which do not provide the enhanced security that MFA offers.