What does a system that tracks user actions to provide accountability exemplify?

A system that tracks user actions to provide accountability exemplifies non-repudiation, which is a fundamental security principle. Non-repudiation ensures that a user cannot deny having performed a particular action within a system. By maintaining a log of user actions, the system creates a verifiable record that can be used as evidence to confirm that the action took place and that the individual responsible for it is identifiable. This accountability is crucial in various contexts, such as financial transactions, legal compliance, and organizational policy enforcement, as it helps to prevent disputes regarding who did what and when.

While the other options relate to aspects of security and user identity, they do not specifically address the concept of tracking actions for accountability. Multifactor authentication involves using multiple methods to verify a user's identity, which enhances security but does not provide a record of actions. Biometrics refers to using physical characteristics for identification, which, while useful in authentication, does not inherently provide accountability for actions taken within a system. Privacy concerns the protection of user information and data from unauthorized access, which, while important, does not directly relate to the accountability provided by tracking user actions.